“Rescue during the Holocaust” is het thema dit jaar van de International Holocaust Remembrance Day – 27 Jan 2013 – en een belangrijk thema in het werk van geschiedkundige Tanja von Fransecky.
Tanja von Fransecky heeft de afgelopen jaren onderzoek verricht in Frankrijk, België, Nederland en Israel, naar de reddingsacties en vele vluchtpogingen en ontsnappingen uit de deportatietreinen tijdens de holocaust.
Het is een nog vrij onbekend hoofdstuk uit de geschiedenis van het Joods verzet tijdens de holocaust, dat veel gedeporteerden uit de doodstreinen gevlucht zijn, en vaak ook door anderen – omwonenden – met gevaar voor eigen leven gered zijn.
Tanja von Fransecky’s werk is nieuws dit weekend in de laatste editie (26 jan.) van de “Süddeutsche Zeitung” – het grootste Duitse nationale dagblad – in het artikel van Stephan Stracke, getiteld: „Wir haben das Recht zu flüchten“ – hier vertaald als “Wij hebben het recht te vluchten”.
Hieronder mijn samenvatting van dit artikel over Tanja von Fransecky’s werk (met enige eigen notities) Continue reading “Wij hebben het recht te vluchten”→
April 2008 * – As you or your friends celebrate Passover this April 19th, I hope you will remember another April 19th. This one was in 1943 and it was also the first night of Passover.
Shirt the 14 year old Robert was wearing when shot in his chest as he jumped April 19, 1943 from the 20th convoy – together with his parents Bertha and Eddy Rottenberg. Detail of the neatly sewn up bullet holes is shown in the bottom-right image. Photo’s taken Nov. 19, 2012 by Audrey Rogers Furfaro and edited by Michel van der Burg (michelvanderburg.com).
On that night, a 14-year old boy and his parents were loaded onto a cattle car that headed for Auschwitz. This is the story of that night.
The boy was born in Vienna, Austria, to middle-class Jewish parents; his mother was also born in Vienna and his father in Poland. They led an uneventful life until Hitler came to power. Following Kristallnacht in 1938, they fled to Antwerp, Belgium, and eventually settled in Brussels. In February 1943, the family was denounced. The boy and his parents were arrested and sent to Malines, a deportation camp in Belgium where the Nazis would collect Jews until they had enough for a transport to Auschwitz. For two months they waited; they were barely fed and the boy’s father was severely beaten up by a German guard in front of the boy for a minor infraction.
On the night of April 19, 1943, the family was part of Convoy XX – 1,631 Jews being shipped by cattle car to Auschwitz. They were numbers 722, 723, and 724 on the Nazis’ inventory of this shipment. A Nazi officer gave the boy’s father a white flag and a whistle, and told him that he was in charge of the particular car in which they were being loaded. He was told that if anyone tried to escape he was to alert the Nazis; if he did not the family would be killed. The father decided that the family would have to jump from the train because he would not turn in his fellow Jews.
In events that are stranger than life, on the train were some Dutch acrobats, who with the use of an old man’s cane, managed to open the latched window of the train. As the train barreled toward the German border, the family prepared to jump. The man pushed his wife from the train, and the boy watched as his mother appeared to roll toward the train’s wheels. The boy was next. He did not want to be pushed, so he jumped on his own and scrambled up the track’s embankment. As he stood up at the top of the embankment, he felt a needle-like pain in his upper chest. He saw blood and realized he has been shot. Putting a handkerchief on the wound, he went searching for his parents, amidst the dead bodies of others who had been shot jumping from the train.
The boy wandered around in the dark, hurt and scared and eventually found his mother, but he did not want to tell her he was shot. Later that night they found the father, who had been shot in the leg. The family sought refuge in a nearby barn, where the boy finally told his mother he had been shot by a bullet that glanced his chest.
In the morning, the boy, who could speak Flemish better than his parents, approached the farmhouse owner and sold his parent’s wedding rings for aid. The farmer gave the family money, helped clean them up, and drove them to the train station where the family intended to take the train back to Brussels. The parents sensed danger and they decided to separate. They told the boy to get off the train at the next stop, hoping that by being alone, he would not be caught. Without knowing if he would ever see his parents again, and unable to say any farewells, the boy got off the train. By now his gunshot wound was extremely painful, so alone and not knowing what to do, the boy approached a Belgian policeman. He told him that he was a 14-year-old Jew who had been shot escaping from the train to Auschwitz. The police officer took pity on the boy, brought him to the police station, and called a doctor who treated the gunshot wound. The officer gave the boy some money, and directed him toward the safest way back to Brussels, where he was reunited with his parents.
The boy was my father, Robert Rogers. He and my grandparents, Bertha and Eddy Rottenberg, went into hiding until they were finally liberated in September 1944. In 1949, they emigrated to the United States, a country they embraced with gratitude. They have all since passed away, and only two things remain of that night. One is the shirt my father was wearing, which my grandmother kept until she died. I have it now, and you can still see the neatly sewn up bullet holes and the very faintest trace of blood. The other is the memory of what happened 65 years ago that has seared through two generations of my family.
Audrey Rogers Furfaro Chappaqua, NY
Bobby and his parents in Bruxelles, 1941 | 20230409 | Miracles•Media | Source : United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Collection, Gift of Audrey Rogers Furfaro and Scott Rogers | USHMM Rottenberg Brussel 1941 2018.661.1_001_006_0007.jpg
Houppertingen
A new finding – published at the current 236 exhibition in Brussels – is the location were the family escaped – they were numbers 722, 723, and 724. The Rottenberg family jumped close to Houppertingen, just before the site Simon Gronowski jumped, before Borgloon. That map is showing in a recent video of the vernisage of the ‘236’ project:
Published Nov. 12, 2012 on this site (michelvanderburg.com) – updated Nov. 14, 2012 – and next updated and a photo-set of Robert’s shirt added Nov. 23, 2012 by Michel van der Burg / Audrey Rogers Furfaro. Photo’s taken Nov. 19, 2012 by Audrey Rogers Furfaro and edited by Michel van der Burg (michelvanderburg.com). Detail of the neatly sewn up bullet holes is shown in the bottom-right image.
Nov. 23, 2012by Michel van der Burg– Note that during a daring attack on this ‘Transport XX to Auschwitz‘ by the three young Belgians — Robert Maistriau, Jean Franklemon, and Youra Livschitz — Maistriau succeeds in opening one car with the circa 50 prisoners with numbers 736-788. Maistriau next tried to open a second car and cut the barbed wire securing the door before the train began moving again, and he had to cease his efforts to open this car too. That car may well have been a neighbouring car with Robert and his parents – with transport numbers 722, 723, and 724.
20230409 Update
Added portrait of Bobby and his parents in Bruxelles, 1941.
Info added : The Rottenberg family jumped close to Houppertingen ( source : vernisage – map of the ‘236’ project )
In a scene from the film “Transport XX to Auschwitz,” Simon Gronowski stands at the spot where he jumped from the train almost 70 years ago. Still : Marc Van Roosbroeck/Michel van der Burg . Click image for link to watch the entire film.
News by Jewish Journal reporter David Schwartz (October 24, 2012) from the Fort Lauderdale International Film Festival (FLIFF) .
When Rachelle Bashe was a child, she dreamed about her father’s escape from a train carrying Belgian Jews to Auschwitz. Bashe, 77, of Boynton Beach was reminded of her dreams when a reporter called to talk about the documentary film “Transport XX to Auschwitz.” The film will be screened at the Fort Lauderdale International Film Festival later this month and in early November.
“It’s just unbelievable,” an emotional Bashe said when she realized that her father was one of the more than 200 persons on the 20th train convoy who escaped on the night of April 19, 1943 during a daring attack by three Resistance fighters carrying a red railroad lamp, a pair of pliers and a pistol.
Bashe said her mother told her that her father escaped from a train but never returned home. She eventually learned that he was captured later, survived three concentration camps and died in 1945 during a death march. “It does help in a way that I am realizing that what is in my subconscious is not really a dream or a nightmare,” Bashe said.
Richard Bloom, the film’s director and a Palm Beach Gardens resident, said the story of the attack on the train is well known only in Belgium and the Netherlands.
Bloom said he learned about the attack when he was doing research on events in which Jews fought back against their captors. “It was a little footnote,” he said. “I kind of filed it away in my mind.”
Only one of the three attackers and a few escapees were alive when Bloom and Dutch producer Michel van der Burg started work on the film, which took three years to complete. Simon Gronowski, who jumped from the train as it approached a small hill, is one of the escapees interviewed in the film.
Others appear in interviews from the archives of the University of Southern California Shoah Foundation Institute for Visual History and Education.
In an email from Holland, Van der Burg said he learned about the attack on the train during a visit to Brussels in February 2009. While he was there, Van der Burg filmed people looking at a display of the portraits of 1,200 people who were on a train to Auschwitz.
When Van der Burg returned home, he created a short video and on the anniversary of the attack, put it on one of his You Tube channels. A special, one minute cut from the video was shown at a theater in Amsterdam two years ago.
After Bloom contacted Van der Burg for permission to use clips from the You Tube video in a documentary about the 20th train convoy, Van der Burg got interested in working on the film.
“I had to further study the Holocaust, and especially the Belgian holocaust,” Van der Burg said. He had no idea at the time that he would work for two years translating and editing interviews, creating subtitles, reporting and interviewing.
Interviews tell the stories of the attack and the escapes.
The filmmakers said the attack on convoy 20 is thought to be the only documented attack on trains that carried more than three million European Jews to concentration and extermination camps during the Shoah.
Trains from Mechelen, Belgium transported more than 25,000 Jews to Auschwitz-Birkenau between August 1942 and July 1944. Only about 1,200 survived.
The Fort Lauderdale International Film Festival will screen “Transport XX to Auschwitz” at 4 p.m. on Oct. 27 at the Cinema Paradiso, 111 Southeast Sixth St., Fort Lauderdale and at 3:15 p.m. on Nov. 3 at the Sunrise Civic Center Theater, 10610 W. Oakland Park Blvd., Sunrise.
For information and tickets, visit FLIFF.com or call 954-525-3456.
March 2013 – the article is archived only partially (photo missing) at the Sun-Sentinel site
Jan. 16, 2019 – In recent years the SunSentinel site is unavailable in most European countries. Post now updated with full details of the David A. Schwartz 2012 report. Also added links to post Documentary film “Transport XX to Auschwitz”. Trailer now also embedded. Link to new post on this site in dutch ‘Film vertelt verhaal van gewaagde aanval op trein naar Auschwitz’ , published before in my blog at the Belgian news paper DeWereldMorgen.be
May 7, 2024 – Obsolete link to Jewish Journal (Sun Sentinel) replaced with Wayback archive page link. Obsolete link story: http://www.sun-sentinel.com/florida-jewish-journal/news/palm-beach-county-news/fl-jjps-transportxx-1024-20121024,0,4541453.story
The documentary Transport XX to Auschwitz by Karen Lynne & Richard Bloom and Michel van der Burg is shown at the Fort Lauderdale International Film Festival (FLIFF) on Saturday October 27 at the main film festival theatre Cinema Paradiso in Fort Lauderdale, and again the next Saturday, November 3rd, at the Sunrise Civic Theatre in the city of Sunrise, Florida. Thanks all helping us with this documentary – – Simon Gronowski (see trailer poster) in particular for his special effort!!
Synopsis – During the Shoah, the Nazis, in their quest for the final solution of the Jewish question, utilized thousands of trains from Germany and the occupied countries to transport 3,000,000 Jews to the concentration and death camps.
This is the true story of one of the most audacious and heroic rescue attempts, which occurred on April 19, 1943, the first night of Passover, at the same time that the Warsaw Ghetto uprising began. On that night, Transport XX departed Mechelen, Belgium at 10 p.m. with 1631, Jewish men, women and children for Auschwitz II-Birkenau.
Half an hour later, it was stopped by three young Belgians armed with only 1 pistol, pliers and a hurricane lamp. The only documented attack on a death train during the Shoah. What happened leading up to, during and after this audacious rescue attempt are featured with archival footage and survivor interviews.
We are proud to announce that the “Transport XX to Auschwitz” documentary has been selected to be shown by the Fort Lauderdale International Film Festival. The dates of the showing will be posted by October 1st, 2012. Here a link to the trailer and details of this film.
Trailer of the film Transport XX to Auschwitz by Karen Lynne & Richard Bloom and Michel van der Burg. This documentary is coming soon.
During the Shoah, the Nazis, in their quest for the final solution of the Jewish question, utilized thousands of trains from Germany and the occupied countries to transport 3,000,000 Jews to the concentration and death camps.
This is the little known, true story of a most remarkable and heroic rescue attempt which occurred on April 19, 1943, the first night of Passover, at the same time that the Warsaw Ghetto uprising began, some 720 miles away.
On that night, Transport XX departed Mechelen, Belgium at 10 p.m. with 1631 Jewish men, women and children for Auschwitz II-Birkenau.
Half an hour later, it was stopped by three young Belgians armed with only 1 pistol, pliers and a hurricane lamp.
This was the only documented attack on a death train during the Shoah.
May 11, 2012 – Régine Krochmal, who in 1943 courageously escaped from the 20th train from Mechelen to Auschwitz, died today in Brussels, almost 92 years of age. A short compilation made today of images of Régine, about a year ago at the Transport XX commemoration in Boortmeerbeek on May 15, 2011.
Dutch: Eerbetoon aan een moedige verzetsvrouw
Régine Krochmal – die in 1943 op moedige wijze ontsnapte uit de 20ste trein van Mechelen naar Auschwitz – is vandaag (11 mei, 2012) overleden in Brussel, op bijna 92 jarige leeftijd.
Ik heb haar helaas slechts eenmaal persoonlijk ontmoet – bij de herdenkingsbijeenkomst van transport XX in Boortmeerbeek vandaag bijna een jaar geleden. Daarnaast, heb ik voor een nieuwe documentaire over transport XX, wekenlang ‘aan haar lippen gehangen’ bij werk aan haar getuigenissen eerder vastgelegd op video bij andere gelegenheden. Zo heb ik haar bijzonder leren waarderen als een moedige, levenslustige, en in meerdere opzichten ‘kleurrijke’ vrouw.
Vanavond heb ik een kort verslag – een impressie – samengesteld met onder andere beeld van haar toespraak op de herdenking van het XXste Transport in Boortmeerbeek vorig jaar, en beeld van de vele anderen die er in slaagden uit de veewagons van dit konvooi te springen.
Deze video is een eerbetoon aan een moedige verzetsvrouw.
20130206 update:
The video embedded here is from my Vimeo account. The same file uploaded May 11, 2012 on YouTube, was supplemented today with an english translation in closed captions (subtitles) – here a link to that subtitled video
